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$xf\left (y \right )+f\left (xf\left (y \right ) \right )-...$

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#1
quanchun98

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Tìm tất cả các hàm số $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ thỏa mãn: 

$xf\left (y \right )+f\left (xf\left (y \right ) \right )-xf\left (f\left (y \right ) \right )-f\left (xy \right )=2x+f\left (y \right )-f\left (x+y \right )$



#2
Zaraki

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Tìm tất cả các hàm số $f:\mathbb{R}\rightarrow \mathbb{R}$ thỏa mãn: 

$xf\left (y \right )+f\left (xf\left (y \right ) \right )-xf\left (f\left (y \right ) \right )-f\left (xy \right )=2x+f\left (y \right )-f\left (x+y \right ) \qquad (1)$

Lời giải. Giả sử $P(x,y)$ là tính chất của $(1)$.

$P(1,y) \Rightarrow f(y)+2=f(y+1). \qquad (2)$

$P(x,1) \Rightarrow x \left[ f(1)-f(f(1))-2 \right]+2+f(xf(1))-f(1)=0. \qquad (3)$

 

Nếu $f(1)=0$ thì $f(2)=f(1)+2=2$.

$P(x,2) \Rightarrow 2x+2-f(x+2)=0 \Rightarrow f(x+2)=2(x+1) \Rightarrow f(x)=2(x-1)$.

 

Nếu $f(1) \ne 0$. Khi đó từ $(3)$, thay $x$ bởi $\frac{x}{f(1)}$ ta suy ra $x \cdot \frac{f(1)-f(f(1))-2 }{f(1)} +2-f(1)+f(x)=0. \qquad (4)$

Thay $x$ bởi $x+1$ ta được $(x+1) \cdot \frac{f(1)-f(f(1))-2 }{f(1)} +2-f(1)+f(x+1)=0. \qquad (5)$

Từ $(4)$ và $(5)$ ta suy ra $f(x+1)-f(x)+ \frac{f(1)-f(f(1))-2}{f(1)}=0 \Rightarrow f(1)-f(f(1))-2=-2f(1) \Rightarrow 3f(1)=f(f(1))+2$.

Khi đó $(4) \Leftrightarrow f(x)=f(1)-2+2x \; \forall x \in \mathbb{R}$. Thử vào phương trình thấy thoả mãn.

 

Vậy $f(x)=2x+k \; \forall x \in \mathbb{R}$ với $k \in \mathbb{R}$.


Edited by Zaraki, 28-07-2015 - 13:58.

Discovery is a child’s privilege. I mean the small child, the child who is not afraid to be wrong, to look silly, to not be serious, and to act differently from everyone else. He is also not afraid that the things he is interested in are in bad taste or turn out to be different from his expectations, from what they should be, or rather he is not afraid of what they actually are. He ignores the silent and flawless consensus that is part of the air we breathe – the consensus of all the people who are, or are reputed to be, reasonable.

 

Grothendieck, Récoltes et Semailles (“Crops and Seeds”). 





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